compete [kəm'pi:t]                   v.比赛;竞争
competent ['kɔmpitənt]     a.有能力的,胜任的
competition [kɔmpi'tiʃən] n.比赛;竞争
competitive [kəm'petitiv]   a.竞争的,比赛的
competitor [kəm'petitə]     n.竞争者,敌手
compile [kəm'pail]                    v.编辑,汇编
complement ['kɔmplimənt]        v./n.补充,补足(物) n.余数;补语
compliment   ['kɔmplimənt]     n.(pl.)问候,致意 n./v.称赞,恭维
comply [kəm'plai]                    v.(with)照做,遵照,应允
compose [kəm'pəuz]                v.组成,构成;(of)由…组成;创作(诗歌等)
component [kəm'pəunənt] n.组成部分,成分,元件 a.组成的,合成的
composition [kɔmpə'ziʃən]  n.作品,作文,乐曲;作曲;结构,组成,成分
compound ['kɔmpaund]            n.混合物,化合物 a.混合的,化合的,复合的
comprehend [.kɔmpri'hend]      v.理解,了解
comprehension [.kɔmpri'henʃən]       a.理解(力),领悟
comprehensive [.kɔmpri'hensiv] a.内容广泛的,综合的
compress [kəm'pres]                v.压缩,浓缩
compromise ['kɔmprəmaiz]       v./n.妥协,折衷
compulsory [kəm'pʌlsəri]          a.强制的,义务的,必修的
conceal [kən'si:l]                      v.隐藏,隐瞒,隐蔽
concede [kən'si:d]                    vt. 承认,退让 vi. 让步
concession [kən'seʃən]     n.迁就,让步
conceive [kən'si:v]                    v.(of)设想,构思,想象;以为;怀胎,怀有
concentrate ['kɔnsentreit]          v.(on)集中,专心;浓缩 n.浓缩物
concept ['kɔnsept]                    n.概念,观念,思想
conception [kən'sepʃən]   n.概念,观念;设想,构想
 
二，阅读理解
I believe that my country, Poland, is a perfect example for a place where food is particularly important. When we were little children, we began to understand how much a loaf of bread meant to our parents—to some it might sound silly but for me the custom of kissing bread before you started cutting it was simply amazing. It's not so common nowadays to treat food that way, since you hardly ever bake your own bread. Besides, everyone would call you crazy if you tried to kiss every bread roll before you ate them! But though we no longer make our food from scratch, some customs have been kept--that's why I feel so sorry every time I have to throw any food away—even though I no longer live with my parents and nobody would blame me for this anymore!

Many people of our nation are still working as farmers, eating what they grow and harvest and therefore enjoying everything more. It's widely known that you value more anything that needs your effort in the first place. In most homes in Poland, especially those of farmers, the whole family would try and have their meals together--extremely difficult now, but so rewarding! You can share other members' troubles and successes, give your children some attention, or just sit down for a moment instead of rushing through life aimlessly. Furthermore, your body, and stomach in particular will be very grateful for such a time!

In Poland, a wedding, Christmas or even a birthday is celebrated with a great meal. Women in the house get together and cook, sometimes for a few days before the event, and the extremely good or unusual food will be remembered and widely talked about.

You cannot overvalue the importance of food in the country. What's more, almost everyone in Poland will be as interested in the topic as I am.


1. When the writer was a child, he / she ________.
A. found people were crazy about bread
B. began to realize the importance of food
C. thought that cutting bread was amazing
D. learned people hardly baked their own bread

2. The writer feels very sorry when he/she has to throw away any food because ______.
A. he/she makes food from scratch
B. his/her parents would blame him/her
C. some customs still have effect on him/her
D. many people are still working hard as farmers

3. From the text, we can learn that, in Poland, ________.
A. most meals can be interesting topics for a long time
B. the whole family often have meals together nowadays
C. it's common for women to get together to cook for a few days
D. family members can know more about each other by having meals together


BCD
答案解析：
1. When the writer was a child, he / she ________.
A. found people were crazy about bread
B. began to realize the importance of food
C. thought that cutting bread was amazing
D. learned people hardly baked their own bread
解析：B正确
当作者还是孩子的时候，他/她怎么样？
文中对应的部分是：When we were little children, we began to understand how much a loaf of bread meant to our parents孩子们开始了了解面包对父母的意义。

2. The writer feels very sorry when he/she has to throw away any food because ______.
A. he/she makes food from scratch
B. his/her parents would blame him/her
C. some customs still have effect on him/her
D. many people are still working hard as farmers
解析：C正确
作者在扔东西时感觉很可惜是因为什么？
找出文中的位置But though we no longer make our food from scratch (起点), some customs have been kept--that's why I feel so sorry every time I have to throw any food away前半部分句子是后面的原因。

3. From the text, we can learn that, in Poland, ________.
A. most meals can be interesting topics for a long time
B. the whole family often have meals together nowadays
C. it's common for women to get together to cook for a few days
D. family members can know more about each other by having meals together
解析：D正确
从这篇文章我们可以了解到在波兰怎么样？
BC错的地方差不多，often 和common，文章说了extremely difficult now和sometimes for a few days，可见不是经常能这样做。
A项在文中并没有提到。
D，可从文中最后一段推出。

参考译文：
我相信我的国家---波兰，在珍惜食物方面是一个典范。

当我们还是小孩子的时候，我们就开始明白一条面包对我们的父母而言，意味着什么----对一些人来说也许听上去有点可笑，但对我来说，在开始切面包前亲吻面包的习俗实在神奇极了。

现在人们很少像从前那样对待食物，因为人们很少自己烘培面包。此外，如果你还是坚持在吃前亲吻每条面包卷，人们会认为你疯了！

但即使我们不再自己动手制作食物，有一些风俗还是保留下来了---这就是为什么每次我必须倒掉食物时，我就觉得很遗憾---即使我不再与我父母住在一起，没有人会因此而责怪我。

我们国家的许多人仍旧以农业为生，他们吃着自己种植及收获的食粮，并享受着食粮以外的东西。众所周知，如果你付出努力才得到的东西，你就会加倍珍惜。

在波兰的大多数家庭里，特别是在农户家庭里，整个家庭会努力在一起用餐---这在现代社会特别难得，但相当值得！

你可以与家庭其他成员分享喜悦，分担烦恼，你可以关心一下晚辈，或者就是简单地坐一会儿，而非漫无目的地匆忙度日。此外，你的身体，特别是你的肠胃，将因此时此刻而充满感激之情。

在波兰，一场婚礼，圣诞节，甚至是生日，都是用一场盛宴来庆祝的。屋子里的女人聚在一起烹饪，有时是在节日前的几天里，这样，特别美味的或者颇具特色的食物就将被牢记，为人们津津乐道。

在这个国家里，人们都不会过分强调食物的重要性，而几乎波兰的每一个人都会和我一样对此话题兴致盎然。

词汇及短语：
loaf: 一条（块）面包

from scratch：非正〉从头做起, 从零开始
例：It's completely ruined, so we'll have to start from scratch.
它完全毁了, 我们只好从头做起。

in the first place：首先, 从一开始
例：Why did you choose basketball in the first place?
你为何首先选择篮球呢?

rewarding：报答的;值得做的;有益的;有报酬的;值得的

grateful：感激的, 感谢的

overvalue：对…估价过高；对…看得过重