2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题解析
Section I Use of English
Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically. 1 a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions have been 2 for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment would soon "revolutionize the very 3 of money itself," only to 4 itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so 5 in coming?
Although electronic means of payment may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work 6 the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very 7 to set up the computer, card reader, and telecommunication networks necessary to make electronic money the 8 form of payment Second, paper checks have the advantage that they 9 receipts, something that many consumers are unwilling to 10 . Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of "float" - it takes several days 11 a check is cashed and funds are 12 from the issuer's account, which means that the writer of the check can cam interest on the funds in the meantime. 13 electronic payments arc immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer.
Fourth, electronic means of payment may 14 security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information 15 there. The fact that this is not an 16 occurrence means that dishonest persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and 17 from someone else's accounts. The 18 of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a new field of computer science is developing to 19 security issues. A further concern is that the use of electronic means of payment leaves an electronic 20 that contains a large amount of personal data. There are concerns that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby violating our privacy. |
对应译文：
电子付款方式的优势被给出来后，你可能会认为我们的社会很快会变成一个无现金社会：所有的支付都要用电子方式来进行。然而，一个真正不通过现金支付的社会不大可能马上实现。的确，预言出现在20年前但是到现在还没有完成。譬如，1975年的商业周刊预测说电子方式的支付很快彻底改革钱本身的历史地位，却在几年后又重新提起。那究竟是为什么一个无现金社会的变革会来的如此之慢呢？
虽然电子方式的付款可能会比依靠纸币的付款系统更加有效，但是还有许多工厂依然继续运作来抵抗纸币系统的消失。第一，要装配电脑，刷卡器和通信网络是非常昂贵的，而且有必要去使电子化的付款成为主导的支付形式。其次，纸质支票的优势在于能提供一些消费者可能不愿放弃的发票。第三，纸质支票的使用给了消费者许多天的“漂浮”感——把支票兑换成现金和从发行人账户上取出现金都会花上好几天时间，这也就意味着支票的签字者同时能获得现金的利息。因为电子付款方式很快捷，就能取消了消费者的漂浮感。第四，电子付款方式可能引发人们对安全和隐私的顾虑。我们经常能够听到一些媒体报道一个非法的黑客侵入到电脑数据库甚至更改储存的信息。事实上，这是一个很常见的现象，一些意图不轨的人能够侵入电子支付系统的银行账户，窃取别人的财产。要想避免这种形式的诈骗是一个非常艰巨的任务，并且需要研发新型电脑科技来解决此类安全问题，还要进一步考虑到电子支付方式的运用会留下包含大量个人数据的电子痕迹。人们会担心政府部门，雇主和销售人员可能会利用到这些数据，从而侵犯我们的隐私。 |
1. [A] However [B] Moreover [C] Therefore [D] Otherwise
2. [A] off [B] back [C] over [D] around
3. [A] power [B] concept [C] history [D] role
4. [A] reward [B] resist [C] resume [D] reverse
5. [A] silent [B] sudden [C] slow [D] steady
6. [A] for [B] against [C] with [D] on
7. [A] imaginative [B] expensive [C] sensitive [D] productive
8. [A] similar [B] original [C] temporary [D] dominant
9. [A] collect [B] provide [C] copy [D] print
10. [A] give up [B] take over [C] bring back [D] pass down
11. [A] before [B] after [C] since [D] when
12. [A] kept [B] borrowed [C] released [D] withdrawn
13. [A] Unless [B] Until [C] Because [D] Though
14. [A] hide [B] express [C] raise [D]ease
15. [A] analyzed [B] shared [C] stored [D] displayed
16. [A] unsafe [B] unnatural [C] uncommon [D] unclear
17. [A] steal [B] choose [C] benefit [D] return
18. [A] consideration [B] prevention [C] manipulation [D] justification
19. [A] cope with [B] fight against [C] adapt to [D] call for
20. [A] chunk [B] chip [C] path [D] trail
1.however词汇题，根据逻辑关系，前后句内容。
2. around “around”意为“大约”。
3. concept “概念”
4. reverse “转换”
5. slow 根据前面2句内容，自1975年就在讨论电子支付问题，但是现在还未实现。
6. against 根据下文提出的4点，电子支付系统都不能立刻实现，因此纸质支付形式就不可能取消。
7.expensive 根据下文提及设备，推断出消费很高。
8.dominant 根据全文内容，讨论的是电子支付系统是否能替代纸质支付，因此要有一种方式占主导。
9. provide 根据句意“纸质支票能提供收据”
10. give up 根据句意可得
11. before 支票兑现需要花费一定时间
12. withdrawn 根据搭配 取款应用“withdrawn”
13. because 逻辑关系
14. raise 此处作“引发，产生”讲
15. stored 信息“
储存”
16. uncommon 双重否定表肯定，“黑客侵入电脑数据库属正常现象”
17. steal “someone else”表示“窃取
他人账户财产”
18. prevention 根据句意“避免这种形式的诈骗是一个非常艰巨的任务”
Section II Reading Comprehension
Passage 1
In an essay entitled “Making It in America”, the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill only two employees today,” a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.”
Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign worker.
In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job, could earn an average lifestyle ,But ,today ,average is officially over. Being average just won’t earn you what it used to. It can’t when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius. Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra-their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.
Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. But there’s been an acceleration. As Davidson notes,” In the 10 years ending in 2009, [U.S.] factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs-about 6 million in total -disappeared.
There will always be changed-new jobs, new products, new services. But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T. revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.
In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to support employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I. Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to poet-high school education.
21. The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate_______
[A] the impact of technological advances
[B] the alleviation of job pressure
[C] the shrinkage of textile mills
[D] the decline of middle-class incomes
第一自然段中的笑话是去解析什么？
答案选A，该题属于主旨题，文章第一段第一句话作者谈论到了The joke,是关于现代棉花纺织厂是如何的自动化工作，当今的纺织厂平均有两个工人，一个人和一只狗，人喂养狗，狗驱动机器干活，所以该题答案选A：技术发展的影响。
22. According to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to______
[A] work on cheap software
[B] ask for a moderate salary
[C] adopt an average lifestyle
[D] contribute something unique
根据第三段，要成为一名成功的员工，人必须要怎样？
答案选D，该题属于细节题，答案在文章第三段。该段第一句话中出现了But这个转折词，但是，现在，平凡普通已经不再是过去你所挣得那些，因此，每一个人必须要增加自己不一样的附加值，对工作有所贡献，在自己的工作领域中凸显自我。所以答案选D，创造一些不同寻常的东西。
23. The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that ______
[A] gains of technology have been erased
[B] job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed
[C] factories are making much less money than before
[D] new jobs and services have been offered
在第四段的引用是去解释什么？
答案选B，该题答案位于第四段，现在的技术一直减轻人们的工作量以及工作，但是也在加速着，戴维深说到，工厂会很快的分散工人，并且抹去他们长达前70年的努力，大概三分之一的工厂工作岗位，接近6百万的工作岗位将会被消去。所以答案选B：工作机会以快速消失。
24. According to the author, to reduce unemployment, the most important is_____
[A] to accelerate the I.T. revolution
[B] to ensure more education for people
[C] ro advance economic globalization
[D] to pass more bills in the 21st century
根据作者，为了减少失业量，最重要的是什么？
答案选B，该题答案位于文章的五六段，最好的工作将会需要跟多的工人，以及超乎普通之上的受过更好教育的员工，最后段说，我们为了工作需要去做很多事情，但是最重要的事情是确保每个美国人去学校接受教育。所以答案选B：确保更多的人接受到教育。
25. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?
[A] New Law Takes Effect
[B] Technology Goes Cheap
[C] Average Is Over
[D] Recession Is Bad
下面哪一项有可能成为该文章的标题？
答案选C, 该题属于主旨题，根据全文，A项没提及，B项表述错误，D选项没提及，因此选C。
Passage 2
A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic inclued settlers and sojourners. Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay, and 7millin people arrived while about 2 million departed. About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for exanmle, eventually returned to Italy for good. They even had an affectionate nickname, “uccelli di passaggio,” birds of passage.
Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants. We divide nemcomers into two categories: legal or illegal, good or bad. We hail them as Americans in the making, or our broken immigrantion system and the long political paralysis over how to fix it. We don’t need more categories, but we need to change the way we think about categories. We need to look beyond strick definitions of legal and illegal. To start, we can recognize the new birds of passage, those living and thriving in the gray areas. We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.
Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers, home health-care aides and physicists are among today’s birds of passage. They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas .They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them , They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.
With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities with ease. We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever. We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably.
Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle .Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes. Including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.
26. “Birds of passage” refers to those who____
[A] immigrate across the Atlantic.
[B] leave their home countries for good.
[C] stay in a foregin temporaily.
[D] find permanent jobs overseas.
“侯鸟”是关于哪些人？
答案选C，该题答案在第一段的第三句，例如，四分之一的意大利移民，最终为了自己的好的生活回到了意大利，所以他们有了一个绰号，侯鸟。所以答案选C：暂时的呆在国外的人。
27. It is implied in paragraph 2 that the current immigration stystem in the US____
[A] needs new immigrant categories.
[B] has loosened control over immigrants.
[C] should be adopted to meet challenges.
[D] has been fixeed via political means
在第二段暗含着当代美国的移民体制怎样？
答案选C，该题答案在第二段，通读该段，在段落的最后一句，我们现在也许要去解决移民问题。A项说新的移民分类已经存在，B放松对移民的控制和监管，文章说不应该严格的区分合法于不合法，D，通过政治手段去修订，都不符合该题答案。根据文章最后一段，所以答案选C：应该去采取措施去面对挑战。
28. According to the author, today’s birds of passage want___
[A] fiancial incentives.
[B] a global recognition.
[C] opportunities to get regular jobs.
[D] the freedom to stay and leave.
根据作者，当代的侯鸟想怎样？
答案选D，该题答案在第三段，他们更倾向于当机会来临时，来去自由，他们能够成功的在一个地方工作，在另外一个地方安家生活。所以答案选D项：来和留的自由。ABC不符合题意。
29. The author suggests that the birds of passage today should be treated __
[A] as faithful partners.
[B] with economic favors.
[C] with regal tolerance.
[D] as mighty rivals.
作者建议，当代的侯鸟应该被怎样对待？
答案选C，该题答案在第四段，第一句有没有允许，他们应该跨越法律和管辖权以及身份。我们需要他们去想象美国作为一个地方，除了承认他们永久的呆在美国外，他们能够对该国富有创造。我们让他们能感受到，家可以再这里，也可以在那里，他们是属于两个国家。所以答案选C，应该是带有君主的宽容去对待这些移民者。ABD不对。
30. Choose the best title.
[A] come and go: big mistake.
[B] living and thriving : great risk.
[C] with or without : great risk.
[D] legal or illegal: big mistake.
选择最适合的标题
答案选D，通读全文，主要就是讲的移民是合法还是非合法，所以答案选D，其他选项不符合题意。
Passage 3
Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick, hard-wired responses.
Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms; if we are judging whether someone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly, within milliseconds. But we need more time to assess other factors. To accurately tell whether someone is sociable, studies show, we need at least a minute, preferably five. It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality, like neuroticism or open-mindedness.
But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren’t exclusive to the interpersonal realm. Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster, even though reading has little to do with eating. We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we’re doing, Subjects exposed to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.
Yet we can reverse such influences. If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face (one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling), we can take a moment before buying. If we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractive female applicants, we can help screeners understand their biases-or hire outside screeners.
John Gottman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly “thin slice” information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in “thick sliced” long-term study. When Dr. Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together, he invites them to his island retreat for a muck longer evaluation; two days, not two seconds.
Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from animals: doge can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes. But historically we have spent about 12 percent of our days contemplating the longer term. Although technology might change the way we react, it hasn’t changed our nature. We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend.
31．The time needed in making decisions may____.
[A] vary according to the urgency of the situation
[B] prove the complexity of our brain reaction
[C] depend on the importance of the assessment
[D] predetermine the accuracy of our judgment
答案选D 细节题。题干问的是“作决定中所需的时间可以_____”。文章第一段提到“如果我们在做出反应之前花点儿时间来思考，那么将会减少甚至消除我们快速反应所带来的负面影响”，也就是说我们做决定所花的时间决定了我们判断的准确性。文章第二段第二句话也隐含本题正确答案线索。第二句以But这一转折连词引导，应该重点关注其后表达的信息，“但是，我们需要更多的时间来评估其他要素。”而本段的第三、四句子，很明显地揭示出本题正确答案，尤其是第三个句子中的“accurately” 一词。选项D中的表达“可预先决定判断的准确性”，此外，此选项中的“accuracy” 为“accurately ”的同词异形，故此项为正确答案。选项A表达“依形势紧急性而定”错在无中生有，本文并没有出现类似信息；选项B“证明大脑反映的复杂性”，也是无中生有；选项C “取决于评估的重要性”，也与原文不符合，故排除。
32．Our reaction to a fast-food logo shows that snao decisions____.
[A] can be associative
[B] are not unconscious
[C] can be dangerous
[D] are not impulsive
答案选A 细节题。题干问的是“我们对于快餐商标的反应速度表明决定是_____样的”,由题干的“fast-food logo”我们可以定位到第三段。第二段说处理人际关系问题时人们会仓促决定，第三段开头就说了，让人做出仓促决定的刺激因素不仅限于人际关系范围内。紧接着一句说人们对快餐商标的反应速度比一般阅读速度快。下一句阐述了原因：因为人们无意识地（unconsciously）将“快餐”与“速度”和“心急”联系在一起，并将这些冲动付诸行动。A说决定是有联系性的，正确，因为人们将“快餐”与“速度”，“心急”联系在了一起。B说决定是无意识的，与原文意思相反，错。C说决定是危险的，原文未提及，排除。D说决定是不冲动的，与原文意思相悖，故排除。
33．Toreverse the negative influences of snap decisions,we should____.
[A] trust our first impression
[B] do as people usually do
[C] think before we act
[D] ask for expert advice
答案选C 细节题。先看题干说“为了逆转仓促决定所带来的影响，我们可以做_____”， 根据题干定位到第四段。第四段通过两个例子说明我们应该怎样克服负面影响，第一个例子表示“如果我们会对消费产品或者房产选择做出“过度反应”，我们可以在购买之前先思考一会儿”，由此可说明我们应该在行动之前先思考来消除负面影响，因此选择答案C。其他选项：A项“相信我们的第一印象”；B项“按照人们通常所做的去做”；D项“征求专家意见”均不符合题意。
34．John Gottman says that reliable snap reaction are based on____.
[A] critical assessment
[B]‘‘thin sliced ’’study
[C] sensible explanation
[D] adequate information
答案选D 细节题。题干问的是“John Gottman认为可靠的快速反映是基于_____的。”由题干John Gottman 定位到全文倒数第二段。其中第一句：John Gottman, the marriage expert, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly” thin slice” information reliably only after we gound such snap reactions in ”thick sliced”long-term study.婚姻专家约翰.古德曼解释说，我们快速反应的信息的可靠性是建立在这样的快速反应的行为是以长期的研究为基础而做出的快速反应行为。其中gound是题干中base on 的同意置换，long-term study长期的研究与D选项adequate information相互呼应。由此可判断出[D] adequate information（足够的信息）是本题正解。该段第二句话是When Dr,Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together, he invites them to his island retreat for a much longer eveluation,two days ,not two seconds.当古德曼博士想去评估一对夫妻是否应该继续在一起时，他会邀请他们到他的岛上进行一个更为长期的调查，是两天而不是两秒。第二句是对第一句的举例说明，更加验证此选项。
35．The author’s attitude toward reversing the high-speed trend is____.
[A] tolerant
[B] uncertain
[C] optimistic
[D] doubtful
答案选C.态度题。根据35题题干reversing the high-speed trend是全文的最后一句，所以解此题可先定位到全文的最后一段。最后一段最后两句：Although technology might change the way we react, it hasn’t changed our nature. We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend.译为：尽管技术可能改变我们反应的方式，但是它并没有改变我们的本性。我们仍然有能力去克服诱惑并扭转这种高速度的趋势。由此我们可以看出作者的态度是非常确定的，因此B选项uncertain（不确定）首先排除；We still have the imaginative capacity…表面作者对于我们的能力是有信心的。因此[C] optimistic（乐观的）是正解。A选项tolerant(容忍的) 、D选项doubtful(怀疑的)在原文中没有体现，属于无中生有的选项。
Passage 4
Europe is not a gender-equality heaven.In particular, the corporate workplace will never be completely family—friendly until women are part of senior management decisions,and Europe,s top corporate-governance positions remain overwhelmingly male .indeed,women hold only 14 percent of positions on Europe corporate boards.
The Europe Union is now considering legislation to compel corporate boards to maintain a certain proportion of women-up to 60 percent.This proposed mandate was born of frustration. Last year, Europe Commission Vice President Viviane Reding issued a call to voluntary action. Reding invited corporations to sign up for gender balance goal of 40 percent female board membership. But her appeal was considered a failure: only 24 companies took it up.
Do we need quotas to ensure that women can continue to climb the corporate Ladder fairy as they balance work and family?
“Personally, I don’t like quotas,” Reding said recently. “But i like what the quotas do.” Quotas get action: they “open the way to equality and they break through the glass ceiling,” according to Reding, a result seen in France and other countries with legally binding provisions on placing women in top business positions.
I understand Reding’s reluctance-and her frustration. I don’t like quotas either; they run counter to my belief in meritocracy, government by the capable. Bur, when one considers the obstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal, it does look as if a fairer world must be temporarily ordered.
After all, four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations in Europe as the US are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to top position— no matter how much “soft pressure ” is put upon them. When women do break through to the summit of corporate power--as, for example, Sheryl Sandberg recently did at Facebook—they attract massive attention precisely because they remain the exception to the rule.
If appropriate pubic policies were in place to help all women---whether CEOs or their children’s caregivers--and all families, Sandberg would be no more newsworthy than any other highly capable person living in a more just society.
36. In the European corporate workplace, generally_____.
[A] women take the lead
[B] men have the final say
[C] corporate governance is overwhelmed
[D] senior management is family-friendly
细节题 答案在第一自然段里找。这段说欧洲的顶尖的公司的高层，大部分还是男人。所以还是男人说了算。答案选men have the final say
37. The European Union’s intended legislation is ________.
[A] a reflection of gender balance
[B] a reluctant choice
[C] a response to Reding’s call
[D] a voluntary action
细节题，从第二段第二句 this proposed mandate was born of frustration可以知道这个提案是在受到了挫折过后才产生的 ，说明他们本意并不是要有这个立法的打算 ，所以是一个reluctant choice。
38. According to Reding, quotas may help women ______.
[A] get top business positions
[B] see through the glass ceiling
[C] balance work and family
[D] anticipate legal results
细节题 答案在第三自然段。climb the corporate Ladder fairy和get top business positions
等同。故答案选get top business positions
39. The author’s attitude toward Reding’s appeal is one of _________.
[A] skepticism
[B] objectiveness
[C] indifference
[D] approval
态度题。本题问的是作者对Reding的呼吁的态度。Reding的appeal最早出现在第2段，即呼吁在董事会中有40%的女性，以实现性别均衡。而第四段再一次提到Reding 的观点即“他自己也不喜欢quotas,但是quotas本身确实起到了作用”；接着作者在第五段给出了自己的观点，先是说可以理解Reding，自己本身也不喜欢quotas，但是“既然现在meritocratic ideal（精英管理的理想）有障碍，确实需要一种强制的手段，即强制设定男女比例。”所以可以看出作者是持“赞成”的态度。
40. Women entering top management become headlines due to the lack of ______.
[A] more social justice
[B] massive media attention
[C] suitable public policies
[D] greater “soft pressure”
细节题，题干中的women entering top management become headlines是对第6段第二句话when women do break through to the summit of the corporate power的同义改写，become headlines是对后面for example所举的Sheryl Sandberg的事例的概括。答案出现在第7段开头。第7段是提出一种解决措施，“If appropriate pubic choices were in place to help all women, ...Sandberg would be no more newsworthy...”，这个句子是if虚拟条件句，是对未来的一种美好展望，也是提出观点的一种方式，意思是“如果有合理的公共政策来帮助所有的女性，Sandberg也就没有报道价值了”。所以正确答案是C，因为缺少“suitable public policies”。
Part B[A] Live like a peasant
[B] Balance your diet
[C] Shopkeepers are your friends
[D] Remember to treat yourself
[E] Stick to what you need
[F] Planning is everything
[G] Waste not, want not
The hugely popular blog the Skint Foodie chronicles how Tony balances his love of good food with living on benefits. After bills, Tony has £60 a week to spend, £40 of which goes on food, but 10 years ago he was earning £130,000 a I year working in corporate communications and eating at London's betft restaurants'" at least twice a week. Then his marriage failed, his career burned out and his drinking became serious. "The community mental health team saved my life. And I felt like that again, to a certain degree, when people responded to the blog so well. It gave me the validation and confidence that I'd lost. But it's still a day-by-day thing." Now he's living in a council flat and fielding offers from literary agents. He's feeling positive, but he'll carry on blogging - not about eating as cheaply as you can - "there are so many people in a much worse state, with barely any money to spend on food" - but eating well on a budget. Here's his advice for economical foodies.
41.
Impulsive spending isn't an option, so plan your week's menu in advance, making shopping lists for your ingredients in their exact quantities. I have an Excel template for a week of breakfast, lunch and dinner. Stop laughing: it's not just cost effective but helps you balance your diet. It's also a good idea to shop daily instead of weekly, because, being-human, you'll sometimes change your mind about what you fancy.
42.
This is where supermarkets and their anonymity come in handy. With them, there’s not the same embarrassment as when buying one carrot. In a little greengrocer. And if you plan properly, you’ll know that you only need, say, 350g of shin of beef and six rashers of bacon, not whatever weight is per-packed in the supermarket chiller.
43.
You may proudly claim to only have frozen peas in the freezer—that’s not good enough. Mine is filled with leftovers, bread, stock, meat and fish. Planning ahead should eliminate wastage, but if you have surplus vegetables you’ll do a vegetable soup, and all fruits threatening to “go off” will be cooked or juiced.
44.
Everyone says this, but it really is a top tip for frugal caters. Shop at butchers, delis and fish-sellers regularly, even for small things, and be super friendly. Soon you’ll feel comfortable asking if they’ve any knuckles of ham for soups and stews, or beef bones, chicken carcasses and fish heads for stock which, more often than not, they’ll let you have for free.
45.
You won’t be eating out a lot, but save your pennies and once every few months treat yourself to a set lunch at a good restaurant—£1.75 a week for three months gives you £21—more than enough for a three-course lunch at Michelin-starred Arbutus. It’s £16.95 there—or £12.99 for a large pizza from Domino’s: I know which I’d rather eat.
41．选 F Planning is everything
仔细看段落首句 “Impulsive spending isn’t an option, so plan your work’s menu in advance...”，意思是：冲动消费不是一个好的选择，所以提前计划你一周的菜单。很容易看出首句是本段的中心句。故答案为F。此题容易错选为B balance your diet。B答案不是本段的中心，只是中心句下面的例子。
42．选E Stick to what you need
“if you plan properly, you’ll know that you only need... 350g of shin of beef... ”意思是如果你合理的规划，你就会清楚知道你想要什么，比如你只需要350克牛肉。换言之，你需要什么就买什么，要对你所需要购买的东西的分量要坚持。因此选项E为正确选项。
43．选G Waste not, want not
You may proudly claim to only have frozen peas in the freezer—that’s not good enough. Planning ahead should eliminate wastage 。意思是：你可能骄傲地说冰箱里面只有冷冻的豌豆，但是这还不够。提前计划可以避免浪费。这句话提示了我们答案。eliminate wastage”与 “waste not”意思相同
44．选C Shopkeepers are your friends
Everyone says this, but it really is a top tip for frugal caters. Shop at butchers, delis and fish-sellers regularly, even for small things, and be super friendly。 it所指代的内容是 “shop at butchers,...regularly, ..and be super friendly”。其中“be friendly”与“are your friends”同义。另外，最后一句they will let you have for free（通常他们都会免费给你），因此选项C为正确选项。
45．选D Remember to treat yourself
You won’t be eating out a lot, but save your pennies and once every few months treat yourself to a set lunch at a good restaurant。 but后提到“save your pennis and once every few months treat yourself to a set lunch”，意思是要节省钱，但可以每几个月款待自己一次。而该句也是本段落的中心句。段落余下的信息都是在用数据来解释这个道理。选项D中出现了“treat yourself”，属于原词复现。因此选项D为正确选项。
Section III Translation
46. I can pick a date from the past 53 years and know instantly where I was, what happened in the news and even the day of the week. I’ve been able to do this since I was four.
I never feel overwhelmed with the amount of information my brain absorbs. My mind seems to be able to cope and the information is stored away neatly. When I think of a sad memory, I do what everybody does--try to put it to one side. I don’t think it’s harder for me just because my memory is clearer. Powerful memory doesn’t make my emotions any more acute or vivid. I can recall the day my grandfather died and the sadness I felt when we went to the hospital the day before. I also remember that the musical play
Hair opened on Broadway on the same day---they both just pop into my mind in the same way.
参考译文
我能够从过去的53年中任选一天，然后马上就能想起来我当天在哪，当天都发生了什么新闻，甚至那天是星期几。我从4岁起，就已经有这种能力了。
我从未因为我的大脑吸收了大量的信息而承受不住，我的大脑仿佛可以自如应付这些信息并有条理的将它们存储起来。当我想起一段伤心往事的时候，和所有人一样，我也试图将其抛在一边。我觉得这样做并不会由于我的记忆比别人更清晰而变难。强大的记忆力并没有把我的感情变得更加强烈或深刻。我能回忆起祖父去世时的那天以及头一天我们去医院时我内心的悲哀。我还记得就在同一天百老汇上演了音乐剧《毛发》—他们就这样同时跃入到我的脑海中。
【解析】
1. I can pick a date from the past 53 years and know instantly where I was, what happened in the news and even the day of the week.
【词汇】instantly:立即、马上;
【分析】句子主干为I can pick a date…and know…；宾语部分为where…,what…and even…。句子中并列结构突出。
【译文】从过去的53年间任选一天，我能立刻回想起当时我身在何方，当天新闻中发生何事，甚至那天是周几。
2. I’ve been able to do this, since I was four.
【分析】句子主干为I’ve been able to do this, since 引导时间状语从句
【译文】自从四岁，我就具备这种能力。
3. I never feel overwhelmed with the amount of information my brain absorbs.
【词汇】overwhelmed:压垮，压倒，淹没; absorb:吸收
【分析】句子主干为I never feel overwhelmed with…,省略关系词的定语从句my brain absorbs作后置定语修饰information
【译文】我从不会因大脑吸信息量过大而感到难以承受。
3. My mind seems to be able to cope and the information is stored away neatly.
【词汇】cope:处理; store:存储; neatly:整齐的，整洁的
【分析】句子主干为My mind seems to be…and the information is…
【译文】我的大脑似乎可以处理它们，并将其有序地存储于脑中。
4. When I think of a sad memory, I do what everybody does---try to put it to one side.
【词汇】think of:考虑，想起;
【分析】句子主干为I do what…what引导宾语从句，破折号后try to put it to one side对其进行解释说明；when引导时间状语从句。
【译文】当我想起一段伤心往事的时候，和所有人一样，我也试图将其抛在一边。
5. I don’t think it’s harder for me just because my memory is clearer.
【词汇】clear:清晰的
【分析】句子主干为I don’t think its harder for me, because引导原因状语从句。It指代上句话内容。
【译文】我觉得这样做并不会由于我的记忆比别人更清晰而变难。
6. Powerful memory doesn’t make my emotions any more acute or vivid.
【词汇】powerful:强大的，权力大的; emotion:情感，情绪; acute:敏锐的，敏感的; vivid:生动的，深刻的
【分析】句子主干为Powerful memory doesn’t make…
【译文】强大的记忆力并没有把我的感情变得更加强烈或深刻。
7. I can recall the day my grandfather died and the sadness I felt when we went to the hospital the day before.
【词汇】recall:回忆起，回想起
【分析】句子主干为I can recall the day…and the sadness…省略引导词的定语从句my grandfather died作后置定语修饰the day；同样省略引导词的定语从句I felt修饰sadness（定语从句关系词做宾语时可以省略）；when引导时间状语从句对the sadness I felt进行修饰。
【译文】我能回忆起祖父去世时的那天以及头一天我们去医院时我内心的悲哀。
8. I also remember that the musical play Hair opened on Broadway on the same day---they both just pop into my mind in the same way.
【词汇】musical play:音乐剧; Hair:《毛发》（1968年上演，是对美国百老汇音乐剧的颠覆，获得托尼奖）; Broadway:百老汇; pop:突然出现
【分析】句子主干I also remember that…,that 引导的宾语从句主干为the musical play Hair opened…;破折号后they指代前两句话的内容，表示同一天发生的两件截然不同的事件，突出前面提到的强大的记忆力并没有把我的感情变得更加强烈或深刻。
【译文】我还记得就在同一天百老汇上演了音乐剧《毛发》—他们就这样同时跃入到我的脑海中。
Section IV Writing
Suppose your class is to hold a charity sale for kids in need of help. Write your classmates an email to
1) inform them about the details and
2) encourage them to participate.
You should write about 100 words on ANSERE SHEET 2.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter, Use “LiMing” instead.
Do not write the address. (10 points)
47. Dear Classmates,
I am writing this letter in purpose of informing you of a charity sale for kids in need of help.
The sale is initiated by Smile Fund which has been striving to effectively and efficiently deliver help to kids in distressed situations for more than twenty years. The sale will be held from 10:00am to 17:00pm this Tuesday in the grand hall. All the classmates will be warmly welcomed and all the money collected will be used to set up a shelter for the kids.
I really appreciate if you can participate and offer your kindness and support. I am looking forward to your presence.
Yours sincerely,
LiMing
