核心词汇2300整理计划
8月13日
phrase [freiz] n.短语,词语,习语
physiology [.fizi'ɔlədʒi] n.生理学
physical ['fizikəl] a.物质的;肉体的;自然科学的,物理的
physician [fi'ziʃən] n.内科医生
pierce [piəs] v.剌穿,刺破
place [pleis] n.地方;名次;地位;寓所 v.安排;放置;投(资)
displace [dis'pleis] v.移置,转移;取代,置换
replace [ri(:)'pleis] v.放回,替换,取代;归还
plain [plein] a.明白的;朴素的;坦率的;平凡的 n.平原,旷野
plausible ['plɔ:zəbl] a.似乎合理的,似乎可信的
plead [pli:d] v.恳求,请求;为…辩护;提出…为理由
plea [pli:] n.请求,恳求
pledge [pledʒ] n.誓约;保证 v.发誓;保证
plenty ['plenti] n.丰富,大量
plentiful ['plentiful] a.富裕的,丰富的
plunge [plʌndʒ] v.(into)(使)投入,(使)插进,陷入;猛冲
ponder ['pɔndə] vi.考虑,沉思
pool [pu:l] n.水池,游泳池;合资经营v.合伙经营,联营
interpool [.intə'pu:l] n.国际联营
popular ['pɔpjulə] a.流行的,通俗的,大众的;广受欢迎的
popularity [.pɔpju'læriti] n.普及,流行
population [.pɔpju'leiʃən] n.人口
pork [pɔ:k] n.猪肉
portable ['pɔ:təbl] a.轻便的,手提(式)的
portion ['pɔ:ʃən] n.一部分,一份
portray [pɔ:'trei] vt.描绘,描写
portrait ['pɔ:trit] n.肖像,画像
pose [pəuz] v.造成(困难等);提出(问题等);摆姿势;假装
position [pə'ziʃən] n.位置;职位;姿势,姿态;见解,立场,形势
posture ['pɔstʃə] n.姿势
positive ['pɔzitiv] a.确实的;积极的;正的;完全的 n.(摄影)正片
阅读理解：
About six years ago I was eating lunch in a restaurant in New York City when a woman and a young boy sat down at the next table, I couldn’t help overhearing parts of their conversation. At one point the woman asked: “So, how have you been?” And the boy—who could not have been more than seven or eight years old—replied. “Frankly, I’ve been feeling a little depressed lately.”
This incident stuck in my mind because it confirmed my growing belief that children are changing. As far as I can remember, my friends and I didn’t find out we were “depressed” until we were in high school.
The evidence of a change in children has increased steadily in recent years. Children don’t seem childlike anymore. Children speak more like adults, dress more like adults and behave more like adults than they used to.
Whether this is good or bad is difficult to say, but it certainly is different. Childhood as it once was no longer exists, Why?
Human development is based not only on innate (天生的) biological states, but also on patterns of access to social knowledge. Movement from one social rote to another usually involves learning the secrets of the new status. Children have always been taught adult secrets, but slowly and in stages: traditionally, we tell sixth graders things we keep hidden from fifth graders.
In the last 30 years, however, a secret-revelation (揭示) machine has been installed in 98 percent of American homes. It is called television, Television passes information, and indiscriminately (不加区分地), to all viewers alike, be they children or adults. Unable to resist the temptation, many children turn their attention from printed texts to the less challenging, more vivid moving pictures.
Communication through print, as a matter of fact, allows for a great deal of control over the social information to which children have access. Reading and writing involve a complex code of symbols that must be memorized and practices. Children must read simple books before they can read complex materials.
1. According to the author, feeling depressed is ________.
A) a sure sign of a psychological problem in a child
B) something hardly to be expected in a young child
C) an inevitable has of children’s mental development
D) a mental scale present in all humans, including children
2. Traditionally, a child is supposed to learn about the adult world ________.
A) through contact with society
B) gradually and under guidance
C) naturally and by biological instinct
D) through exposure to social information
3. The phenomenon that today’s children seem adult like is attributed by the author to ________.
A) the widespread influence of television
B) the poor arrangement of teaching content
C) the fast pace of human intellectual development
D) the constantly rising standard of living
4. Why is the author in favor of communication through print for children?
A) It enables children to gain more social information.
B) It develops children’s interest in reading and writing.
C) It helps children to memorize and practice more.
D) It can control what children are to learn.
5. What does the author think of the change in today’s children?
A) He feels amused by chair premature behavior.
B) He thinks it is a phenomenon worthy of note.
C) He considers it a positive development.
D) He seems to be upset about it.
【解析】
1选B 这道题需要注意的地方是题目给出的According to the author，这是一个限定条件，意思是说判断选项的对错不是依据其说法本身是否错误，而是与作者的说法是否一致。文中作者对feeling depressed的评论应该是在第二段，也就是刚刚讲完作者亲历的故事之后。作者说到my friends and I didn’t find out we were “depressed” until we were in high school，意思是我和我的朋友们直到高中才开始感觉沮丧，言下之意就是小孩子是不会出现沮丧心理的。符合这个意思的是选项B，其余几项都不能从作者的叙述中推测出来。
2选B 题讨论孩子学习社会知识的途径，这应该是第五段的内容。在第五段中有这样一句话：Children have always been taught adult secrets, but slowly and in stages，后面一句以traditionally开头，说明这一句讨论的是传统方式的学习途径。been taught，受教，应该说相当于选项B中的under guidance;in stages，stage是阶段的意思，in stages就是按阶段，循序渐进，这个意思与B中的gradually一样。这样的话，按照文意，本题选择B最为合适。
3选A 这道题较为容易。第五段讲的是孩子学习社会知识的传统方式，这一段在上一题中已经考过了。在第六段作者开始讨论如今孩子们早熟的原因，本题考查的就是第六段。在这一段作者首先讲述了一种现象，也就是电视在美国社会的普及(第一句)，以及电视不分地域、不分老幼地传播信息的特点(第二句)。最后一句指出这种现象对孩子们的学习途径的影响：many children turn their attention from printed texts to moving pictures，孩子们把注意力从书本转向了电视。上一段讲过，按照传统学习方式，孩子们就是传统的孩子，而以电视为主体的方式，必然造成儿童发生某种变化，在文章中这种变化就是成人化。这道题应该选A。
4选D本题问作者为何要主张让孩子们通过印刷媒介交流信息。
A，这种方式可以使孩子们获得更多的社会信息。
B，可以发展孩子们对阅读和写作的兴趣。
C，可以增加孩子们记忆和练习的机会。
D，可以控制孩子们学习的内容。
5选D 第四段作者提出：Whether this is good or bad is difficult to say，似乎对儿童的变化是好是坏没有做出评判，但再看最后一段最后一句话Children must read simple books before they can read complex materials，这里赫然使用了must这样带有强烈肯定色彩的词，可见作者的态度并不像第四段说的那样，而是对孩子们身上发生的变化持有明显的否定态度，说他为这种现象感到忧虑也不为过。
四个题支中D表达了作者的这种态度。B似乎也有道理，但不如D准确、具体，所以还是应该选择D。
