重庆华章MBA培训中心每日英语任务9.13
点击数： 更新时间：[2013-09-13 12:25] 来源： 重庆华章
wit n. 智力，才智
within prep. 在……里面，在……以内；ad.在内
without prep. 无，没有
wood n. 木头；(pl.) 树林
wooden a. 木制的；呆笨的
woolen 毛纺的
worker n. 工人，工作者
workshop n. 车间；专题讨论会
world n. 世界；世间，……界，领域
worldwide a. 世界范围的，全世界的
worry v./n. 发愁，担心
worse a./ad. 更坏，更差，更严重，更糟糕
worsen 恶化
would v. 愿，想
writer n. 作者，作家；
writing n.作品，写作
wound n. 创伤，伤口v. 受伤，伤害
wrong a. 错的；不正确的ad. 错误地，不正确地n. 错误v.委屈，冤枉
X Y Z
year n. 年，年份
yearly a./ad. 每年的，一年一度(的)
yell v. 叫喊
yellow n./a. 黄色，黄色的
yesterday n./ad. 昨天
yet ad. 还，尚；仍；已经；更conj.可是，然而
young a. 年轻的，年幼的n.青年人
youth n.青年时代；青年；青年人
youngster n. 年青人，少年
adolescent 青春期的，青少年
zoo n. 动物园
zero num. 零n. 零点，零位，零度（重庆MBA培训）
阅读理解：
The flag, the most common symbol of a nation in the modern world, is also one of the most ancient. With a clear symbolic meaning, the flag in the traditional form is still used today to mark buildings, ships and other vehicles related to a country.
The national flag as we know it today is in no way a primitive artifact. It is, rather, the product of thousands of years' development. Historians believe that it had two major ancestors, of which the earlier served to show wind direction.
Early human beings used very fragile houses and boats. Often strong winds would tear roofs from houses or cause high waves that endangered travelers. People’s food supplies were similarly vulnerable. Even after they had learned how to plant grains, they still needed help from nature to ensure good harvests. Therefore they feared and depended on the power of the wind, which could bring warmth from one direction and cold from another.
Using a simple piece of cloth tied to the top of a post to tell the direction of the wind was more dependable than earlier methods, such as watching the rising of smoke from a fire. The connection of the flag with heavenly power was therefore reasonable. Early human societies began to fix long pieces of cloth to the tops of totems(图腾) before carrying them into battle. They believed that the power of the wind would be added to the good wishes of the gods and ancestors represented by the totems themselves.
These flags developed very slowly into modern flags. The first known flag of a nation or a ruler was unmarked: The king of China around 1000 B.C. was known to have a white flag carried ahead of him. This practice might have been learned from Egyptians even further in the past, but it was from China that it spread over trade routes through India, then across Arab lands, and finally to Europe, where it met up with the other ancestor of the national flag.
1. The best title for the passage would be
A. Development of the National Flag
B. Power of the National Flag
C. Types of Flags
D. Uses of Flags
2. The underlined word "vulnerable" in Paragraph 3 means
A. impossible to make sure of
B. likely to be protected
C. easy to damage
D. difficult to find
3. What does the author know of the first national flag?
A. He knows when it was sent to Europe.
B. He believes it was made in Egypt.
C. He thinks it came from China.
D. He doubts where it started.（重庆MBA培训）
答案详解：
1.选A。文章的最佳标题是什么？
文章在将旗帜的历史，它的其中一个“祖先”是如何发展成现在的国旗的。所以文章标题最好的是“国旗的发展”。选A。
2.选C。第三段划线词"vulnerable"什么意思？
猜测词义，方法：找原文。原文中这句话是这样说的：People’s food supplies were similarly vulnerable.这里有一个similarly词，相似地。说明这个食物供应和之前的某样东西类比，具有同样的特性。那么就往前找进行比较的东西。很明显可以在第一句话看到Early human beings used very fragile houses and boats.形容房屋和船舶的。但是如果你还是不知道fragile是什么意思，你可以根据后文对这句话的解释说明猜测：Often strong winds would tear roofs from houses or cause high waves that endangered travelers. 通常，狂风能把房屋连根拔起或者掀起巨浪威胁游客。可见，这些东西很容易就被摧毁。找答案的选项，发现C选项的描述符合文意，所以答案选C。
再强调一下做猜测词义的题目的方法：找原文。引用广告语：你想要的，总能找得到！
3.选D。作者对于最早使用国旗的的人知道多少？
见原文：The first known flag of a nation or a ruler was unmarked。没有史料记载是谁最早使用旗帜来标志国家领土或统治地位的。所以，作者也不知道。答案选D。
全文翻译:
旗帜，这个在现代社会最常见的国家标志在古代也最常见。有了明确的象征意义，传统形式的旗帜现如今仍用来表示建筑、船舶以及其他交通工具所属的国家。
现在我们所知道的国旗绝不是一个原始的制品（意思就是国旗并不是一发明出来就是这样的），而是数千年发展的产物。历史学家认为它们有两种主要原型，其中一个是用来表示风向的。
早些时候，人类的房屋和船舶都很不牢固。通常，狂风能把房屋连根拔起或者掀起巨浪威胁游客。人们的食物来源也很脆弱。即使他们已经学会了如何种植谷物，也仍然需要获得大自然的帮助来保证收成。因此，人类惧怕风，也依赖风的能量，因为它能带来温暖，也能带来寒冷。
用一块简单的布绑在杆子的顶端的方法来获得风向，比早些时候用的方法（例如点火观察烟升起的方向）更加可靠。旗帜和这股力量的关系应运而生。早期人类社会把长条的布钉在图腾顶端，然后再把图腾带到战场上。人们相信，图腾本身代表的神和祖先的愿望，加上风的力量，会更加强大。
这些旗帜发展得很慢，最后演变成了现代的旗帜。没有史料记载是谁最早使用旗帜来标志国家领土或统治地位的。据说中国的皇帝早在公元前1000年就在自己面前挂了一面白旗。这个做法也许是更早之前从埃及人那里学到的，但后来是从中国由贸易之路传播到印度，跨越阿拉伯，最后到达欧洲的。在这里，国旗和它的另外一个原型相会了。
词汇短语：（重庆MBA培训）
symbol 象征, 标志
vehicle 1. 交通工具, 车辆2. 传播媒介, 手段
primitive 原始的, 早期的
artifact 人工制品;手工艺品;加工品
ancestor 1. 祖先, 祖宗2. 原型, 先驱3. （动物的）原种
fragile 1. 易碎的, 脆的2. 虚弱的, 脆弱的; 经不起折腾的3. 不牢固的；脆弱的
vulnerable 易受伤的, 脆弱的, 敏感的
区别：fragile 通常是表示具体的脆弱，不牢固。vulnerable则多表示抽象事务的，例如人内心的脆弱，国家财政的脆弱等。
grain 谷粒, 谷物, 谷类 post 这里的意思取“柱, 杆, 桩”
dependable 可信赖的,可靠的
heavenly 1. 极好的,令人非常愉快的2. 天国的;天空的
